1. Virtual reality

The principle of virtual reality technology (VR) is shown in Figure 1. It is a computer simulation system that can create and experience a virtual world. It uses computers to generate a simulation environment to immerse users in the environment. Virtual reality technology is to use the data in real life, through the electrical signals generated by computer technology, combined with a variety of output devices so as to make it into a can make people feel phenomena, these phenomena can be a real object in reality, it can also be invisible to the naked eye, we through the three-dimensional model. Because these phenomena are not what we can see directly, but the real world simulated by computer technology, it is called virtual reality. The reality of the simulated environment is difficult to distinguish from the real world. In the process of operation, people can operate at will and get the most authentic feedback from the environment.

Figure 1 Principle of virtual reality technology

1.1 Key technologies of virtual reality

1) Dynamic environment modeling technology

The establishment of virtual environment is the core content of VR system, the purpose is to obtain the 3D data of the actual environment, and establish the corresponding virtual environment model according to the needs of the application.

2) Real-time 3D graphics generation technology

3D graphics generation technology has been relatively mature, so the key is "real-time" generation. To ensure real time, make sure that the refresh rate of the graphics is at least 15 frames/SEC, preferably higher than 30 frames/SEC.

3) Stereo display and sensor technology

The interactive ability of virtual reality depends on the development of stereo display and sensor technology, the existing equipment can not meet the needs, the research of mechanics and tactile sensing device also needs to be further in-depth, and the tracking accuracy and tracking range of virtual reality equipment also need to be improved.

4) Application system development tools

The key to the application of virtual reality is to find suitable occasions and objects. Choosing the appropriate application objects can greatly improve production efficiency, reduce labor intensity and improve product quality. To achieve this goal, we need to study the development tools of virtual reality.

5) System integration technology

Because VR system includes a large amount of perceptual information and models, system integration technology plays a vital role, including information synchronization technology, model calibration technology, data conversion technology, data management model, identification and synthesis technology, etc.

1.2 Features and Types of Virtual Reality

The typical features of virtual reality technology include immersion, interactivity, multi-perception and autonomy. Immersion is the main feature of virtual reality technology, which aims to make users become and feel that they are part of the environment created by the computer system. When users perceive the stimulation of the virtual world, including touch, taste, smell and motion perception, they will have thought resonance and cause psychological immersion. Interactivity refers to the degree to which the user can operate the objects in the simulated environment and the natural degree to which the user can get feedback from the environment. When the user performs some operations, the surrounding environment will also make some reactions. The ideal virtual reality technology should have the sensory function that all human beings have. Due to the limitation of relevant technologies, most of the perceptual functions of virtual reality technology are limited to vision, hearing, touch, movement and so on. Autonomy is the degree to which objects in a virtual environment act according to the laws of physics. For example, when an object is pushed by a force, it will move in the direction of the force.

The types of virtual reality systems are generally divided into four modes according to the different forms of user participation: desktop, immersive, enhanced and distributed. Desktop type uses ordinary display or stereo display as a window for users to observe the virtual realm; Immersion can make use of helmet-mounted displays, location trackers, data gloves and other devices to give participants a sense of being in a real situation. Augmentation is the combination of real environment and virtual environment, the user can not only see the real world, but also can see the virtual objects superimposed on the real world; Distributed is to connect different users in different places to observe and operate the same virtual world and experience virtual experiences together, such as the combat simulation Internet used for joint training of troops.

2. Application of virtual reality technology in interior decoration design

2.1 Application of virtual reality technology in decorative modeling

The application of virtual reality technology in decoration modeling is mainly to realize the optimization design of interior decoration through three-dimensional modeling technology. In decoration modeling, virtual reality technology can be designed in advance in indoor model in the virtual space, the user through 3 d equipment in virtual simulation model, under the three-dimensional modeling technical support, users will be able to feel the three-dimensional physical interior design, can in-depth exchange and communication with stylist, then sincere feeling of design deficiency, for designers to provide practical optimization Suggestions.

2.2 Scheme comparison and application of virtual reality technology

The scheme comparison and selection of modern architectural interior decoration design has made a qualitative leap after the application of virtual reality technology. Under normal circumstances, the traditional decoration design plan than the selected job need to use design of construction drawing and rendering, in this kind of request, interior decoration, construction of related personnel must possess professional construction knowledge, professional ability in knowledge chart, and after the application of virtual reality technology in the concrete practice of related data and design scheme can be uploaded to the computer system, through the simulation system is mapped to the 3 d and VR equipment, staff can be more directly involved in the design, the traditional scheme comparison work mode has been effectively solve issues.

2.3 Interactive application of virtual reality technology

In the traditional interior decoration design process, the overall planning of the scheme needs to experience multiple links such as scheme analysis, design modeling and product rendering. The implementation of the whole process consumes manpower and material resources extremely, and it is a waste of time. Interior decoration design scheme can not be modified in the traditional way of design. Once the modification link is involved, the whole process is reprocessed. The repeated process not only increases the time cost, but also seriously wastes the cost of working hours. The application of virtual reality technology can accommodate more sets of design schemes, in the use of virtual reality technology for spatial pattern changes, pipeline layout or adjusting the factors such as illumination can be abstract information visualization, at the same time guarantee the quality of the work, greatly reduce scheme of rework process, the intercommunication of the lifting scheme, and improve the efficiency of interior decoration design.

2.4 Application of 3D modeling of virtual reality technology

In reality, a large number of material materials constitute the architectural space in the real world, which occupy their own space and present a three-dimensional feeling. In interior decoration design, space division is a very important work content, in order to achieve a reasonable interior decoration design must be reasonable design and use of the interior space of the building. Through the effective application of virtual reality technology, a complete 3D modeling can be constructed to fully outline the points, lines and planes of the interior space of the building. In combination with powerful modeling software, such as Maya and 3DMax, the physical properties of the architectural space are perfected. In addition, through the virtual reality technology for 3 d modeling application will also be able to highlight the dynamic effect of interior decoration design, through the model drive and integrated environment to realize the interactive modeling, the user can change the model play order, time and location, to enhance the dynamic properties, more kind and the practical experience to the user.

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