Abstract: Virtual reality (VR), as a link between the digital world and the real scene, has brought new opportunities and challenges to the development of education. In 2018, the Ministry of Education made the promotion of the application of virtual reality technology in education and teaching an annual key task of education informatization, and approved the construction of more than 200 virtual simulation teaching centers in the country. There is no doubt that the integration of virtual technology into education will bring revolutionary changes. In this paper, the specific application rules of VR in education and teaching are presented objectively, and the existing problems and solutions are further studied.

Key words: VR+ education, teaching application, existing problems, solutions

The application of virtual reality technology (VR) in education and teaching

1.1 VR education and teaching equipment platform and tools

With the rapid development of virtual reality (VR) technology, VR related equipment platforms and tools are increasing, such as "IES Immersive classroom teaching system" in China, Z-Space developed by Lincoln Laboratory in the United States, Metaio virtual reality platform in Germany and WikiTube mobile system in the United States. In addition, there are some immersive virtual reality headset products, such as HTC VIVE, Oculus Rift, Domestic Storm Mirror and Xiaomi VR, which provide more convenient and effective convenience for education and teaching.

1.2 Application of virtual reality (VR) in subject teaching

1.2.1 Display of 3D objects

Virtual reality technology (VR) can build the same physical model matching the classroom teaching through the corresponding modeling software. It is more interactive than traditional models. For example, students can use Z-space to disassemble, move and rotate cell models at will and observe them from various angles, thus deepening their understanding of 3D objects and laying a foundation for subsequent learning. In mathematics, chemistry, biology, physics and other disciplines teaching VR application effect is particularly significant.

1.2.2 Skill training

The mastery of many subject knowledge needs to come from the practice of continuous training. Skill training also requires learners to apply the written knowledge they have learned to action practice and internalize the knowledge data through operation. Virtual reality enables students to train many skills in the virtual world that are difficult to carry out in the real world. For example, sports skills, medical surgery, physical and chemical experiments, etc., VR can overcome various uncontrollable factors such as high cost, venue, weather, etc. In addition, the higher immersion of virtual reality can make learners more focused, less susceptible to adverse external factors, avoid the danger brought by some skill training, and the retention time of learned skills is also more durable.

1.2.3 Construction of virtual Scenes

In subject teaching, teaching is often carried out by creating educational scenarios, but the teacher's explanation is often quite different from the learner's understanding. Virtual reality (VR) can highly restore these scenes, learners can not only see, listen to, but also experience. For example, virtual reality can enable learners to experience the scene of "The Old man and the sea" in person, to experience the calm acceptance of failure and the calm and calm face of death by putting themselves in their own shoes, and to better learn Hemingway's fighter spirit of never yielding to fate and positive and optimistic attitude towards life. Such personal experience can promote learners' emotional participation, which is of great help to the cultivation of learners' empathy and social development.

1.2.4 Reproducing historical events and scenes

History represents the past and is also an established fact. Virtual reality (VR) can be used to reproduce the reality of historical events involved in the teaching of many subjects to help learners re-engage in historical events. The historical scenes reproduced by virtual reality (VR) have strong situational characteristics, and can even interact with some characters and things, so that learners can participate in them, experience the thick historical civilization personally, and improve their learning results. For example, the HTC VIVE used virtual reality to simulate Apollo 11 landing on the moon. As long as you wear the VR headset, you can become Armstrong and feel every detail of the moon landing, and the whole process is controlled by the learners themselves.

1.3 Application of virtual reality (VR) in non-disciplinary teaching

1.3.1 Virtual simulation campus

The famous scholar Wang Lirong put forward two main forms of virtual simulation campus, namely, physical campus "virtualization" and virtual campus "reality". Physical campus "virtualization" refers to the virtual integration of some functions and facilities of the physical campus into the virtual campus based on the relevant principles of education informatization, so that learners can freely acquire and learn in the virtual campus. The "realisation" of virtual campus means that the simulation campus can meet some needs of learners that are difficult to achieve in the physical campus, such as recommending books for learners intelligently through their personal library habits. Virtual campus as early as 2003 in the "Second Life" project, some universities have carried out a lot of practice, and many foreign universities not only set up a virtual campus in Second Life, but also try to set up courses, let learners better participate in it.

1.3.2 Special education

Children with special needs are very important in the education industry, which is also a big problem in the education industry. They lost the right to enjoy equal education with ordinary people because of congenital deficiency. They are uncommunicative, suspicious and sensitive. Teaching needs to break their psychological defense and create interesting learning scenes so that they can easily acquire more knowledge. Virtual reality can fully mobilize most of people's senses, create a targeted learning situation, and eliminate the problems of safety and timeliness in real teaching. At present, many countries have applied VR education to physical rehabilitation of children with physical disabilities, visual rehabilitation of children with visual impairment, language training of children with hearing impairment, adhd and autism correction, and other aspects, with fruitful results.

1.3.3 Digital education publishing

The combination of VR and educational publishing has inherent advantages. It changes the educational publishing based on audience demand to pay more attention to user experience and content quality, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects :(1) to create an intuitive simulation environment, which is helpful to deepen the understanding of knowledge of learners. (2) Strengthening the interaction between learners and content can help stimulate learners' desire. (3) Integration of online and offline, paper and multimedia materials helps to promote the integration of educational resources. In a vocational education institutions in China has machinery, automobile, electronics and other professional teaching materials using 3d animation, automatic demonstration and other virtual reality technology, so that learners quickly and proficiently master vocational skills.

1.3.4 Virtual reality and distance education

Under the promotion of the four distance education platforms of central radio and television university, provincial radio and television university, municipal radio and television university and local distance education, the network coverage of distance education in Our country has been deep into all provinces and regions. Especially after the outbreak of the epidemic, the high requirement of learning at home but not lowering the quality of education has spawned more high-tech development, which has laid a better technological foundation for distance education. At present, distance education is still lack of flexibility compared with traditional face-to-face education, and there are some problems such as difficult to carry out cooperative learning, difficult to complete the teaching experiment and practice of some courses remotely, unable to make students and teachers interact effectively and unable to provide timely feedback for learners. However, virtual reality can create a distance teaching platform, create a vivid and lifelike learning environment for learners, let learners become participants in the virtual environment, participate in virtual experiments and skills training, so as to make up for the deficiency of remote teaching practice.

2. Problems existing in VR education

2.1 Limitations of VR technology itself

Limited to the current high-tech conditions, there is a certain gap between the virtual world and the real world. After all, virtual reality (VR) is a computer system, not a real existence. No matter interaction, sense of existence and autonomy, it is impossible to achieve the ideal state, which is obviously the root cause of obstacles in VR human-computer interface. In the virtual reality (VR) world, some users may feel dizzy and sick due to the resolution and refresh rate of the head-display device. For some people, this discomfort can lead to a fear of the VR system, which can interfere with learning. In addition, dangerous operation in the virtual reality system will not cause property losses or threats to personal safety, so that some users have an illusion and fall into a fixed mode, and the training effect is not good.

2.2 Students' learning autonomy is too great, and it is easy to deviate from teaching objectives

Virtual reality (VR) teaching requires students to have good learning consciousness. Students can make active use of all available means according to their own needs, and choose the form of learning that suits their own habits, rather than learning step by step. Such a "student-centered" teaching mode emphasizes that students are the main body of the learning process and pays more attention to giving play to students' initiative and enthusiasm in the learning process. Although students are active constructors of knowledge meaning, they are more conducive to students' active exploration and discovery, which is an effective way to cultivate creative talents. However, the "student-centered" teaching model emphasizes students' "learning" while ignoring the play of teachers' leading role and the important role played by the emotion between teachers and students in the learning process. Therefore, when students have too much freedom in autonomous learning, they tend to deviate from the teaching objectives and fail to achieve a clearer teaching plan. Moreover, many students have poor self-discipline, weak subjective initiative, uneven cognition and understanding of knowledge, and their learning ability will be greatly different without the guidance and supervision of teachers.

2.3 Learning effect in VR is affected by many factors

In virtual reality (VR) system learning, a person's self-control ability can be said to play a key role. In the traditional classroom teaching mode, teachers can directly monitor students in class face to face, limit the activities of students with poor self-control ability, and strengthen the learning effect of most learners. This is also the deficiency of VR teaching, especially for young learners with poor self-control and great dependence on learning, the requirements for the leading role of teachers are relatively high, and VR teaching is obviously not suitable.

2.4VR technology conflicts with traditional education

VR technology is quite different from the traditional teaching mode in terms of educational concepts, teachers' quality requirements, teaching methods and teaching methods. Although the inherent mode of traditional education has some disadvantages for the training of new high-tech talents, the traditional education must adopt the idea of "absorbing the essence and discarding the dregs", and combine the characteristics of new technology to create teaching methods and teaching modes that are in line with the law of education and teaching with The Times.

2.5 Ignore emotional goals and motor skill goals

In the virtual reality (VR) system environment learning will greatly reduce the direct communication between teachers and students, the emotional goal (moral feelings, physical and mental health, social skills, etc.) and motor skills goals (such as sports, technical training, etc.) surgery teaching effect is not ideal, and emotional goals, action skills requirements there is a certain distance. No matter how realistic virtual reality (VR) teaching can not replace all the activities of people in the field of education, let alone ignore the education of moral emotion, physical and mental health, social skills and other aspects of students, but also need to pay attention to cultivate the spirit of teamwork. This is inseparable from the teacher's participation in this important link.

2.6VR technology puts forward higher requirements for teachers

With the continuous development of high and new technology, virtual reality (VR) technology is changing with each passing day. In order to make better use of this teaching medium, teachers must be required to use more time to continuously study, research new educational technology, new subject teaching knowledge to improve their comprehensive quality, to meet the needs of educational modernization. However, the speed at which teachers learn and master new technology and knowledge is far behind the pace of development of modern educational technology, and teachers' physical and mental exhaustion will seriously affect the teaching effect.

3. Corresponding countermeasures to solve existing problems

There is no doubt that any kind of technology application in education has advantages and disadvantages, VR technology is no exception. We should give full play to the advantages of virtual reality (VR) technology in education and teaching practice, so as to make full use of the advantages and circumvent the disadvantages. With the development and improvement of VR technology, its limitations will also be reduced, so as to ensure that VR technology can be better applied in the field of education to serve education. For the problems existing in VR teaching application, countermeasures should be taken in VR teaching in the future as follows:

(1) Seek truth from facts and analyze specific problems. Grasp the degree of "objective conditions" according to the actual situation, timely use VR technology to change the teaching mode. We should change the guiding ideology of teaching from the perspective of ideology, do not follow the old ways, do not blindly pursue the fashion, and do not attempt to completely replace all experiments with virtual experiments.

(2) Strengthen the training and learning of modern educational technology -- VR technology, so that teachers can smoothly use VR technology for practical teaching. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen students' independent learning of computer, computer network multimedia and VR knowledge, and improve information literacy and operation skills.

(3) Developing VR hardware technology. To better development of VR education must have a strong hardware technology support. For example, how to provide a good immersive experience for learners. Take the United States as an example, the development of VR education industry has been accepted as a level of national planning and development, such as education and curriculum evaluation standards led by the government, sponsored by enterprises and hosted by industry associations. It can not only provide specific evaluation criteria for VR application education industry, but also better develop VR hardware technology and create a better learning system for VR education.

(4) Vigorously promote VR education. There are many differences between VR education and traditional education, including educational concepts, teaching methods and methods. However, people still adhere to the traditional education and lack of understanding of VR education leads to a lot of misunderstandings, which is not conducive to the promotion and development of VR education. Only by vigorously publicizing VR education can we better understand and promote the popularization and development of VR technology faster.

4 conclusion

VR technology, as a new technology, provides more powerful technical support for modern education and teaching. VR, with its strong teaching advantages and potential, will improve the level of educational technology, improve the experimental and practical training environment, optimize the teaching process, enhance the teaching effect, and have a profound impact on the cultivation of innovative consciousness and innovative ability of talents. However, as a new thing, VR education will inevitably encounter many practical problems in the process of practice and promotion. We should look at it rationally and prudently, and we need to think and explore for a long time how to use it properly and correctly. All these laid a solid foundation for better promoting the development of education.

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