【 abstract 】 : this paper introduces the concept of virtual reality and augmented reality, characteristics, and application in the field of industrial manufacturing, the technology from the aircraft assembly, automotive and home appliance manufacturing of VR, the present situation of the application of AR technology in industrial manufacturing is analyzed, at the end of VR, the prospect of the development of AR technology.

Key words: virtual reality; Augmented reality; Industrial manufacturing

1. Concept and features of VR/AR

1.1 Concept of VR/AR

Virtual Reality Technique (VR), known as one of the key technologies in the computer field in the 21st century, is a comprehensive information technology based on image digital processing, computer graphics, sensor technology, computer simulation and other technologies [1]. This technology can be used to construct a virtual environment, simulate the unknown or non-existent things, and provide users with an immersive feeling through the sense of touch, vision, hearing and other senses [2].

Augmented Reality Technique (AR) is a new technology developed on the basis of virtual Reality. It increases the user's perception of the real world through the information provided by the computer system, and superimposes the computer-generated virtual objects, scenes or system prompts on the real scene. Thus, the enhancement of the real world is realized [3]. It is obviously different from virtual reality technology [4]. Virtual reality provides users with a completely virtual environment, in which users can only obtain virtual information and interact with virtual objects. Augmented reality provides users with an environment between the virtual and the real. It provides users with the integration of virtual and real scenes through superimposed virtual scenes with the help of computer software and hardware in the real environment.

1.2 Features of VR/AR technology

1.2.1 Features of VR technology

VR technology enables users to place themselves in a three-dimensional dynamic virtual environment by comprehensively simulating various sensory experiences of users. The characteristics of its technology, such as interactivity, immersion and conceivability, provide users with real experience [5].

(1)

In other words, users are immersed in the constructed virtual environment. VR technology uses infrared laser, mobile devices, motion sensing and other devices and technologies to monitor users' movements, and then allows users to experience the virtual environment in real time by switching the playing of virtual images, making the virtual images more realistic.

(2) pay the mutual inductance

Interaction means the communication and interaction between each other, that is, users can operate the objects in the environment in the constructed virtual environment and get timely feedback.

(3) the idea of sex

VR technology can not only simulate the environment that exists in reality, but also simulate the unknown or non-existent things. The scenes created by VR technology can stimulate users' endless imagination, so VR technology has strong conceivability.

1.2.2 Features of AR technology

AR technology allows computer-generated two or three dimensional models to be superimposed on real world environments in real time, and the models can be interactively manipulated or explored to complement the real world. This technology has the following three characteristics [6] :

One is the integration of the real world and the virtual world, that is, the integration of virtual and real;

Second, it has real-time interaction;

The third is to add virtual objects in 3d scale space, namely 3d tracking registration.

2. Analysis of the application status and prospect of VR/AR in industrial manufacturing field

2.1 Application status of VR/AR technology in the field of industrial manufacturing

In the major policy document of "Made in China 2025" key field Technology roadmap [7], VIRTUAL reality is listed as one of the key technologies in the field of intelligent manufacturing core information equipment, and VR+ industrial production has become an important supplement of intelligent manufacturing. With the increase of market demand, VR, AR technology and financial support has been greatly increased, and it has penetrated into all stages of intelligent manufacturing. VR and AR technology can provide support in product demand analysis, overall design, process optimization, manufacturing, testing and experiment, use and maintenance, etc., which is conducive to the realization of intelligent and integrated design, manufacture, test and maintenance of industrial products. The following are some applications of VR and AR technology in industrial manufacturing:

(1)VR, AR technology and aircraft assembly and manufacturing

VR and AR technologies can provide accurate, useful and up-to-date manufacturing information for aircraft assembly and manufacturing pulsating production lines, significantly shortening production time, reducing training work, reducing failures and reducing manufacturing costs. Its applications in the field of aircraft assembly and manufacturing mainly include virtual R&D, design and debugging, virtual manufacturing assembly, equipment maintenance and maintenance quality control, simulation examination and verification training of aircraft assembly and manufacturing, etc., and the related technologies have achieved preliminary application in the manufacturing of large equipment [8].

Comac's use of virtual reality technology at the C919 mock-up test flight Control Center can greatly improve the accuracy of product performance. The ground-based verification platform of the airborne test system is used to monitor and analyze flight parameters to ensure the accuracy and accuracy of aircraft parameters before and during flight. Airbus developed the world's first mixed reality training platform for A350XWB to conduct aircraft assembly manufacturing simulation, assessment and verification, and other teaching work. The interaction and real-time execution of augmented reality are utilized to avoid the risks of practical verification and reduce the cost of training simulation.

(2)VR, AR technology and automobile manufacturing

VR is also widely used in automobile manufacturing. Ford's ergonomic experts use full-body motion capture, 3D printing and immersive VR technology to evaluate vehicles for virtual assembly operations. This not only ensures the high quality of the vehicle, but also provides critical data that can be used to evaluate the overall safety of the workers' assembly process. Ergonomics experts used 52 motion-capture markers attached to the workers' arms, backs, legs and trunks to record body movements as they performed their tasks. The results are a good assessment of muscle strength and weakness, joint sprains and body imbalances. And 3D printing technology helps ergonomists determine how much space a worker's arm can stretch during the assembly process in a simulated situation. Because each person's arms are of different sizes, employees can use the 3D-printed molds to test the size of the space in the assembly of the car to better optimize the production plan.

Compared with VR technology, AR technology is used in more popular scenarios and the hardware used is more accessible. Shanghai GM Has developed a system to evaluate the performance of automobile windshields through augmented reality technology [9]. When the user sits on an experimental platform without windshields (a modified car), when the user puts on a helmet, the system will automatically overlay the designed virtual windshields into the real environment. So that users can intuitively feel the windshield after the deformation of the road surface can meet the requirements.

(3)VR, AR technology and home appliance manufacturing

AR/VR technology will become a new technology that global technology giants are competing for, and domestic home appliance manufacturers who dare to innovate and need to rise against the trend are also starting to take this high-tech "free ride".

In 2016, skyworth [10] issued AR smart TV, known as the world's first, hisense released in the world's first 4 k laser TV joined the VR element in the movie theater, haier's home appliance brand in the Internet has released the first VR TV, and changhong was founded the VR team as early as a year ago, integrating global resources preparation in VR industrial expansion. Haier, Hisense, Changhong, Skyworth and other traditional home appliance enterprises have involved in this field to varying degrees, through the introduction of VR, AR technology, to achieve the upgrading of home appliance products, so as to lead the transformation of home appliance industry.

In addition to TV, Gree has cooperated with Liangfengtang [11]. With the help of AR technology, users can adjust the wind direction of air conditioning to adapt to the layout of indoor space, simulate real air supply, and make home appliances truly fit the personalized scenes and needs of users. Phoenix Electric co., Ltd. and Liangfengtai co., Ltd. cooperate with "AR Flexible Manufacturing production line" system, introduce face recognition, AR and other new technologies, improve enterprise personalized service ability, ensure intelligent control of production line. Liangfengtai has reached strategic cooperation with Haier Wisdom Research Institute, and carried out cooperation in multiple links of intelligent manufacturing, and jointly promoted the commercial landing of AR in Haier and Haier eco-partner system. When a fault occurs on the production site, the background platform in the digital operation and maintenance receives the alarm in the first time, and timely tracks the solution of the fault, analyzes the root cause, avoids the recurrence and improves the operation and maintenance efficiency.

2.2 Application prospect of VR/AR technology in industrial manufacturing field

VR, AR application in the field of industrial manufacturing is somewhat weak relative to the entertainment industry, but with the rapid development of China's science and technology, computer technology has improved performance and thus promote the technology of virtual reality, augmented reality as well as a variety of sensing equipment technical improvement, make the technology is becoming more and more important position in the field of industrial manufacturing. These technologies in the field of industrial application is still in its infancy, but reflects the strong vitality, currently, improve the capacity of existing equipment, light degree and the use of comfort, make the VR, AR technology can be applied to the industrial manufacturing of large-scale, need in prophase invest a lot of research and development spending and technical support, To accelerate the technology in the field of industrial manufacturing the design of the further research and improvement of the industrial product lifecycle coverage in VR, AR technology, on the whole process of realizing industrial product design - manufacturing - test - intelligent and integration of the maintenance, the VR, AR technology in industrial manufacturing manifests the superiority and wide application prospect.

3 conclusion

This paper introduces the basic concepts and characteristics of virtual reality technology and augmented reality technology, as well as the application of the technology in the field of industrial manufacturing. The application status of VR and AR technology is introduced from the aspects of aircraft assembly, automobile manufacturing and home appliance manufacturing. Finally, the application prospect of VR and AR technology is prospected. As a new technology of knowledge expression and transmission, VR and AR have broad application prospects in the field of industrial manufacturing. With the development of deep learning, cloud computing, 5G networks and portable display devices, VR and AR technologies will be more widely used in industrial manufacturing.

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